国务院


中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)

1987年5月4日，国务院

第一条 为保障民用航空安全，维护公众利益，促进民用航空事业的发展，特制定本条例。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事民用航空器（含航空发动机和螺旋桨，下同）的设计、生产、使用和维修的单位或者个人，向中华人民共和国出口民用航空器的单位或者个人，以及在中华人民共和国境外维修在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的单位或者个人，均须遵守本条例。
第三条 民用航空器的适航管理，是根据国家的有关规定，对民用航空器的设计、生产、使用和维修，实施以确保飞行安全为目的的技术鉴定和监督。
第四条 民用航空器的适航管理由中国民用航空局（以下简称民航局）负责。
第五条 民用航空器的适航管理，必须执行规定的适航标准和程序。
第六条 任何单位或者个人设计民用航空器，应当持航空工业部对该设计项目的审核批准文件，向民航局申请型号合格证。民航局接受型号合格证申请后，应当按照规定进行型号合格审定；审定合格的，颁发型号合格证。
第七条 任何单位或者个人生产民用航空器，应当具有必要的生产能力，并应当持本条例第六条规定的型号合格证，经航空工业部同意后，向民航局申请生产许可证。民航局接受生产许可证申请后，应当按照规定进行生产许可审定；审定合格的，颁发生产许可证，并按照规定颁发适航证。
任何单位或者个人未按照前款规定取得生产许可证的，均不得生产民用航空器。但本条例第八条规定的除外。
第八条 任何单位或者个人未取得生产许可证，但因特殊需要，申请生产民用航空器的，须经民航局批准。
按照前款规定生产的民用航空器，须经民航局逐一审查合格后，颁发适航证。
第九条 民用航空器必须具有民航局颁发的适航证，方可飞行。
民航局颁发的适航证应当规定该民用航空器所适用的活动类别、证书的有效期限及安全所需的其他条件和限制。
第十条 持有民用航空器生产许可证的单位生产的民用航空器，经国务院有关主管部门批准需要出口时，由民航局签发出口适航证。
第十一条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的民用航空器必须具有国籍登记证。在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，国籍登记证由民航局颁发。民用航空器取得国籍登记证后，必须按照规定在该民用航空器的外表标明国籍登记识别标志。
第十二条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人进口外国生产的任何型号的民用航空器，如系首次进口并用于民用航空活动时，出口民用航空器的单位或者个人必须向民航局申请型号审查。民航局接受申请后，应当按照规定对该型号民用航空器进行型号审查；审查合格的，颁发准予进口的型号认可证书。
第十三条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人租用的外国民用航空器，必须经民航局对其原登记国颁发的适航证审查认可或者另行颁发适航证后，方可飞行。
第十四条 任何单位或者个人的民用航空器取得适航证以后，必须按照民航局的有关规定和适航指令，使用和维修民用航空器，保证其始终处于持续适航状态。
第十五条 加装或者改装已取得适航证的民用航空器，必须经民航局批准，涉及的重要部件、附件必须经民航局审定。
第十六条 中华人民共和国境内和境外任何维修单位或者个人，承担在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修业务的，必须向民航局申请维修许可证，经民航局对其维修设施、技术人员、质量管理系统审查合格，并颁发维修许可证后，方可从事批准范围内的维修业务活动。
第十七条 负责维修并放行在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修技术人员，必须向民航局提出申请，经民航局或者其授权单位考核合格并取得维修人员执照或者相应的证明文件后，方可从事民用航空器的维修并放行工作。
第十八条 民用航空器的适航审查应当收取费用。收费办法由民航局会同财政部制定。
第十九条 民航局有权对生产、使用、维修民用航空器的单位或者个人以及取得适航证的民用航空器进行定期检查或者抽查；经检查与抽查不合格的，民航局除按照本条例的有关规定对其处罚外，还可吊销其有关证件。
第二十条 使用民用航空器进行飞行活动的任何单位或者个人有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止飞行，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、民用航空器未取得适航证的；
二、民用航空器适航证已经失效的；
三、使用民用航空器超越适航证规定范围的。
第二十一条 维修民用航空器的单位或者个人，有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止维修业务或者吊销其维修许可证，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、未取得维修许可证，擅自承接维修业务的；
二、超过维修许可证规定的业务范围，承接维修业务的；
三、由未取得维修人员执照的人员负责民用航空器的维修并放行的。
第二十二条 任何单位或者个人违反本条例第七条规定，擅自生产民用航空器的，民航局有权责令其停止生产，并视情节轻重，处以罚款。
第二十三条 按照本条例受到处罚的单位的上级主管机关，应当根据民航局的建议对受罚单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十四条 民航局因适航管理工作的过失造成人身伤亡或者重大财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任，并对直接责任人员给予行政处分；直接责任人员的行为构成犯罪的，由司法机关依追究刑事责任。
第二十五条 民航局从事适航管理的工作人员，利用职务之便营私舞弊的，应当给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 任何单位或者个人对民航局作出的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到罚款通知书之日起十五日内向民航局提请复议，也可以直接向人民法院起诉；期满不提请复议也不起诉又不执行的，民航局可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十七条 民航局应当在广泛征求航空工业部及各有关部门意见的基础上，制定本条例的实施细则及有关技术标准。
第二十八条 本条例由民航局负责解释。
第二十九条 本条例自一九八七年六月一日起施行。

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-
TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
(Promulgated by the State Council on May 4, 1987)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of ensuring safety in
civil aviation, protecting public interests and promoting the development
of civil aviation undertakings.
Article 2
All units or individuals that are engaged in the designing, manufacturing,
use and maintenance of civil aircraft (including aircraft engines and
propellers, and the same hereinafter) within the People's Republic of
China, all units or individuals that export civil aircraft to the People's
Republic of China, and all units or individuals that perform outside the
People's Republic of China maintenance services to aircraft registered in
the People's Republic of China shall abide by these Regulations.
Article 3
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft denotes the
technical appraisal and supervision exercised in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of the State over the designing, manufacturing, use
and maintenance of civil aircraft for the purpose of ensuring safety in
flight.
Article 4
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the
"CAAC") shall be responsible for the administration of the airworthiness
of civil aircraft.
Article 5
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft shall be
exercised in accordance with the prescribed airworthiness criteria and
procedures.
Article 6
Any units or individuals that intend to design civil aircraft shall, on
the strength of the document issued by the Ministry of Aeronautic Industry
for the examination and approval of the design project, apply to the CAAC
for a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model. The CAAC shall, after receipt
of the application therefor, conduct the examination and appraisal, in
accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the model to be
designed is up to standard and, if the model is proved to be up to
standard, a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model shall be issued.
Article 7
Any units or individuals that intend to manufacture civil aircraft shall
have the necessary manufacturing capacity and shall, on the strength of
the Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model as prescribed in Article 6 of
these Regulations and with the consent of the Ministry of Aeronautic
Industry, apply to the CAAC for a Manufacturing Permit. The CAAC shall,
after receipt of the application therefor, conduct examination and
appraisal, in accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the
applicants are qualified to obtain a Manufacturing Permit, if they are
proved to be qualified, a Manufacturing Permit shall be issued to them,
together with an Airworthiness Certificate to be issued in accordance with
the relevant provisions.
No units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit in
accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph may manufacture
civil aircraft, except as otherwise prescribed in the provisions of
Article 8 of these Regulations.
Article 8
Any units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit but
intend to manufacture civil aircraft as a result of special needs shall
apply to the CAAC for approval. Civil aircraft manufactured in accordance
with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall be examined one by one
and only after each of them is proved to be up to standard shall an
Airworthiness Certificate be issued.
Article 9
Civil aircraft may engage in flight operations only when they have
possessed an Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC.
The Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC shall specify the type(s)
of activities the aircraft is (are) good for, the period of validity of
the Certificate, and other conditions and restrictions required for
ensuring safety.
Article 10
If civil aircraft manufactured by units possessing a Civil Aircraft
Manufacturing Permit are to be exported as approved by the competent
authorities under the State Council, the Airworthiness Certificate for
Export shall be issued by the CAAC.
Article 11
Civil aircraft that are to fly within the People's Republic of China must
possess Nationality Registration Certificates. Civil aircraft that have
been registered in the People's Republic of China shall bear the
nationality of the People's Republic of China and shall be issued
Nationality Registration Certificate by the CAAC. Civil aircraft shall,
after obtaining a Nationality Registration Certificate, stencil on their
outer surface the identification marks of nationality registration in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 12
Where any units or individuals of the People's Republic of China intend to
import any model of civil aircraft manufactured in foreign countries, and
if it is imported for the first time and to be used for civil aviation
activities, the units or individuals exporting that civil aircraft shall
apply to the CAAC for examination of the model. The CAAC shall, upon
receipt of the application, conduct the examination of the model of the
civil aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions. If the model is
proved to be up to standard, a Certificate for Model Approval shall be
issued to permit the import.
Article 13
A foreign civil aircraft leased by any unit or individual of the People's
Republic of China may engage in flight operations only after the CAAC has
examined and approved the airworthiness certificate issued by the country
of registry of the said aircraft or only after the CAAC has issued a new
Airworthiness Certificate to the aircraft.
Article 14
Any units or individuals that have obtained Airworthiness Certificates for
their civil aircraft shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the CAAC and its mandates of airworthiness, use and maintain the said
civil aircraft and ensure that they are in a state of permanent
airworthiness.
Article 15
The addition or modification of a civil aircraft for which an
Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained shall be subject to the
approval of the CAAC and the essential components and accessories involved
shall be subject to the examination and approval of the CAAC.
Article 16
Any maintenance units or individuals inside or outside the People's
Republic of China that intend to undertake maintenance services for civil
aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to the
CAAC for a Maintenance Permit. Only after the CAAC has examined their
maintenance facilities, technical personnel and quality control system,
found them up to standard and issued a Maintenance Permit may they engage
in the maintenance business activities within the scope approved.
Article 17
Maintenance technical personnel in charge of maintaining and releasing
civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to
the CAAC and only after the CAAC or a unit authorized by the CAAC has
examined them and found them qualified and they have thus obtained a
Maintenance Personnel Licence or a similar certificate may they engage in
the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 18
Fees shall be charged for the examination of the airworthiness of a civil
aircraft. The amounts to be charged and relevant procedures for charging
shall be set by the CAAC in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance.
Article 19
The CAAC shall have the right to examine regularly or selectively the
units or individuals that manufacture, use or maintain civil aircraft, as
well as the civil aircraft for which Airworthiness Certificates have been
obtained. If they fail to pass the examination or selective examination,
the CAAC shall impose penalties on them in accordance with the relevant
provisions of these Regulations and may, in addition to that, revoke their
relevant documents.
Article 20
If any units or individuals that use civil aircraft for flight activities
are found in any one of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have
the right to order them to suspend flight and impose a fine on them in
accordance with the seriousness of the case:
1. no Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained for the civil aircraft;
2. the Airworthiness Certificate of the civil aircraft has expired; or
3. the civil aircraft has been used beyond the scope prescribed in the
Airworthiness Certificate.
Article 21
If any units or individuals that maintain civil aircraft are found in any
of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have the right to order
them to suspend the maintenance business or revoke their Maintenance
Permit and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of
case:
1. no Maintenance Permit has been obtained and yet maintenance business
has been procured without authorization;
2. maintenance business has been undertaken beyond the business scope
prescribed in the Maintenance Permit; or
3. personnel who have not obtained a Maintenance Personnel Licence have
been put in charge of the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 22
If any units or individuals, in violation of the provisions in Article 7
of these Regulations, manufacture civil aircraft without authorization,
the CAAC shall have the right to order them to suspend the manufacturing
and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of the case.
Article 23
The superior competent authorities in charge of the penalized units in
accordance with these Regulations shall, based on the proposal of the
CAAC, subject the principal persons in charge of the penalized units or
other persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If the
case is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 24
If accidental death or bodily injury or heavy losses in property have
occurred as a result of negligence in the work of airworthiness
administration, the CAAC shall assume the liability for damages and
subject the persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If
the act of the persons directly responsible constitutes a crime, the
judicial organs shall investigate their criminal liabilities in accordance
with the law.
Article 25
The CAAC personnel engaged in airworthiness administration who take
advantage of their positions and powers to seek personal gains and graft
and corruption shall be subjected to administrative sanctions. If the case
is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 26
Any units or individuals that do not accept the decision of the CAAC
concerning the imposition of a fine may, within 15 days of receipt of the
notice of the fine, apply to the CAAC for reconsideration or directly file
a suit with a people's court. If no application for reconsideration is
submitted or no suit is filed and yet the decision has not been executed
at the expiry of the prescribed period of time, the CAAC may apply to the
people's court for the enforcement of the decision.
Article 27
The CAAC shall, on the basis of the opinions widely solicited from the
Ministry of Aeronautic Industry and the various departments concerned,
formulate the rules for the implementation of these Regulations and the
relevant technical standards.
Article 28
The CAAC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 29
These Regulations shall become effective as of June 1, 1987.


教育部 农业部


教育部、农业部关于印发《关于在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的指导意见》的通知

教基[2001]18号

　　《关于在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的指导意见》已经国务院同意，现印发给你们，请结合实际情况贯彻执行。

教育部
农业部
2001年6月8日


关于在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的指导意见

　　改革开放以来，各地在农村教育改革方面进行了积极的探索，实行“农科教相结合”和基础教育、职业教育、成人教育的“三教统筹”等项改革，有力地促进了农村现代化建设。但是也应充分认识到，当前农村普通初中教育与农业经济建设和农村社会发展需求，与大多数农村学生发展的需求还不相适应。

　　1994年农业部门实施“绿色证书工程” 以来，一些地方教育行政部门根据当地实际需要，在保证执行九年义务教育课程计划的前提下，不延长课时，不加大授课总量，调整部分教育内容，在农村初中引进“绿色证书”教育，对学生进行一定的现代农业技术教育，既为学生升学奠定了基础，又为学生将来从事农业生产、经营创造了必要的条件。为贯彻落实《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》（国发[2001]21号）的有关精神，经国务院同意，现就在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育提出以下意见：

一、在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的指导思想与原则


　　在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的指导思想是：贯彻落实《中共中央关于农业和农村工作若干重大问题的决定》、《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》（中发[1999]9号）和《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》（国发[2001]21号）有关精神，做到有利于普及九年义务教育，提高学生的巩固率和毕业率；有利于学生创新意识与实践能力的培养，适应农村经济和社会发展的需求，适应学生发展的需求；有利于把农业技术、经营、管理等内容纳入教育内容，形成新型的教育模式。
在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育应遵循的原则是：


1、坚持农村普通初中的办学方向。应在达到九年义务教育要求的前提下,坚持为当地经济和社会发展服务,为学生的发展打好基础。

2、引导学生树立终身学习的观念。应以学生的全面发展为目的，引导和帮助学生树立终身学习的观念，加强通用技能、职业意识、创业精神的培养，避免过早职业化。

3、因地制宜，自愿选择。试行“绿色证书”教育的地区，要依据地理条件、农业经济、科技、主导产业等情况并考虑到当地农民的意愿，因地制宜地选择“绿色证书”教育的具体内容，不搞“一刀切”；不试行“绿色证书”教育的地区，要切实加强职业技术教育。

4、严禁增加学生课业负担和经济负担。要严格执行教育部减轻中小学过重负担的有关规定。在进行“绿色证书”教育及发放证书的各个环节中，都不得乱收费。

二、在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育的主要措施


　　在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育，涉及课时安排、教学内容、教材、师资、实习基地、科技应用、信息传递等一系列问题，应采取有效措施，积极、稳步、扎实地推进。

1、课时安排。适当调整现行九年义务教育初中课程，在初中阶段的劳动技术课时和地方安排课时中安排“绿色证书”培训课程，使学生在初中阶段有300课时左右的教学时间，其中60％左右用于理论课，40％左右用于生产实习课。县、乡两级教育行政部门与农业行政主管部门可根据当地实际确定2-3门专业课程，使学生比较系统地了解、掌握某种岗位生产、经营管理的基础知识和技能。实行新课程的地区，可在地方课程和综合实践活动中安排“绿色证书”教育的课时。各地也可采取其他形式进行“绿色证书”教育。

2、“绿色证书”教育内容的确定。为使“绿色证书”教育更适合农村普通初中学生的需要，教育部、农业部将对“绿色证书”教育的有关教育内容和要求进行修订，省、地（市）两级教育行政部门可据此组织、委托有关人员编写有关教学资料，教学资料可以活页形式发行，供不同地区的农村普通初中学校选择使用，不得强行推销。

3、师资建设。根据进行“绿色证书”教育的需要，充分利用当地成人教育、职业教育的师资资源，调整教师队伍的结构，可采取内调外聘、专兼结合等形式，逐步解决专业课师资来源和水平提高等问题。目前，可以在农村普通初中现任文化课教师中转岗培训；可以在农民技术学校专业课教师中选调，可以在农业科技人员和专业大户、科技示范户中招聘，可以委托农林院校或高等职业学校培养或培训；也可以请支教单位支援。同时，应大力推进师范教育改革，发展高等职业教育，为农村初中培养“一专多能”的新型教师。担任“绿色证书”教育的专职教师除应具备大专以上学历外，还应具备相应专业中级以上技术等级；兼职教师应具备丰富的实践经验或中级以上的技术等级。各地要重视对“绿色证书”教育教师的管理、使用和考核。

4、基地建设。在地方人民政府的统筹协调下，可利用当地实施“丰收计划”、“星火计划”、“燎原计划”的资源作为学校的生产实习基地。学校也可与当地生产专业户、科技示范户和各种农民专业协会密切联系，利用他们的基地开展教学、科研、生产活动。有条件的地方，当地人民政府要尽量创造条件给农村初中规划部分土地（山林、水面）作为生产和劳动实习基地，为教学、生产、实验、示范和科技推广服务。要依法维护学校对土地的使用权，学校不得将基地出租或承包给个人。
三、在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育应注意的几个问题

1、明确教育、农业等主管部门的责任。教育行政部门负责组织实施“绿色证书”教育，应在课程设置、教学安排、师资管理、考核及基地建设等方面提出具体办法和要求，并加强管理；农业部门应积极协作，大力支持，在专业选择、兼职教师聘任、生产实习基地使用、技术更新等方面对学校给予指导和帮助。教育、农业部门既要各负其责，又要密切配合，共同做好这项工作。

2、严格执行《绿色证书》的考核发证制度，保证“绿色证书”教育的质量。“绿色证书”教育的考试、考核要依据《绿色证书》相应的要求，由县级农业行政主管部门、县级教育行政部门共同确定。考试、考核的组织工作，由县级教育行政部门和学校负责，考试、考核合格者，发给“绿色证书”培训结业证书，培训结业证书也可与毕业证书两证合一发放；对获得结业证书的学生，根据不同岗位的要求，经过一定时间的生产实践或实习后，按照《绿色证书》发放的有关程序和要求，经“绿色证书”办公室核验备案，发给由农业部统一印制的《绿色证书》（除证书工本费外不得收取任何费用）。

3、以点带面，逐步推开。在农村普通初中试行“绿色证书”教育牵涉面广，工作复杂，各省级教育行政部门应根据实际情况，先行试点，取得经验后，逐步推广。切忌在条件不成熟时，一哄而上，搞“一刀切”。要注意培养、树立、宣传一批好的典型，总结推广先进经验，以促进农村经济与社会的发展和农村普通初中教育的改革与发展。